Type 1 diabetes in Children

Type 1 Diabetes in children

Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels, and without it, blood sugar can rise to dangerous levels. Unlike Type 2 Diabetes, which is often associated with lifestyle factors, Type 1 Diabetes is not preventable and is not caused by diet or lifestyle. There is no cure and it is lifelong.

Type 1 Diabetes diagnosis

In Type 1 Diabetes, the pancreas, which is a large gland located behind the stomach, stops producing insulin because the immune system mistakenly attacks the beta cells that produce it. Without insulin, glucose (a type of sugar) can’t enter your child’s cells, where it would normally be used for energy.

Children with Type 1 Diabetes need to take insulin every day to replace what their body can no longer make. It’s essential for them to regularly check their blood sugar levels throughout the day to keep them within a healthy range. This can be done using either a blood glucose meter or a continuous glucose monitor.

While Type 1 Diabetes is most commonly diagnosed in kids and young adults under 30, it can develop at any age. Approximately 10 percent of all diabetes cases are Type 1.

Type 1 Diabetes symptoms

Early detection is key in managing Type 1 Diabetes. Common symptoms include:

• Increased Thirst: Children with high blood sugar levels often feel very thirsty.
• Frequent Urination: This is a result of the body trying to get rid of excess sugar through urine.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Despite eating normally, your child might lose weight as the body starts using muscle and fat for energy.
• Fatigue: High blood sugar levels can make your child feel unusually tired.
• Blurred Vision: Excess sugar can affect your child’s eyes, causing blurry vision.

Other symptoms not as typical in children include:

• Having cuts that heal slowly
• Itching, skin infections
• Mood swings
• Headaches
• Feeling dizzy
• Leg cramps

If you notice these symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional immediately.

Untreated type 1 diabetes results in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a medical emergency.

Living with type 1 diabetes

A Type 1 Diabetes diagnosis is life-changing, but with the right approach, your child can lead a healthy, active life. Here’s what you can expect:

1. Insulin Therapy: Since your child’s body no longer produces insulin, it must be administered either through injections or an insulin pump. Your healthcare provider will guide you in determining the best method for your child. It is important you receive appropriate education at the time of diagnosis, so reach out if you feel lost. We can support you.
2. Monitoring Blood Sugar Levels: Regular monitoring is crucial to ensure blood sugar levels remain within a healthy range. This can be done using a glucose meter or a continuous glucose monitor (CGM).
3. Healthy Eating: While there’s no “diabetes diet,” understanding how different foods affect blood sugar levels is essential. Carbohydrate counting helps in managing insulin doses, and it’s important to encourage a balanced diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
4. Physical Activity: Regular exercise is important for all children, including those with Type 1 Diabetes. However, you’ll need to monitor blood sugar levels before, during, and after physical activity to avoid hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).
5. Education and Support: Educating yourself, your child, and even their school about Type 1 Diabetes is crucial. Many schools have protocols in place to support children with diabetes, ensuring they can participate fully in school activities. At PAEDS education, we offer specialised training for your child’s school or kindergarten to ensure that their educators are confident and competent caring for them whilst in their care. Please reach out if you would like more information.

Childhood diabetes care and Diabetes support for parents

Beyond the physical aspects, a Type 1 Diabetes diagnosis can be emotionally challenging for your child. They might feel different from their peers or overwhelmed by the responsibility of managing their condition. Here are some ways you can support them:

• Open Communication: Encourage your child to talk about their feelings and reassure them that it’s okay to feel upset or frustrated.
• Involvement in Care: Gradually involve your child in their diabetes management. This fosters independence and gives them a sense of control.
• Connect with Others: Meeting other families dealing with Type 1 Diabetes can provide a sense of community and shared experience. There are many facebook, advocacy and support groups both online and in person. These may be incredibly helpful for naivgating a new diagnosis.

Living with Type 1 Diabetes requires adjustments but we know that you and your child can thrive. You’re not alone in this journey—healthcare professionals, diabetes educators, support groups and us at PAEDS are all here to help. With time, managing Type 1 Diabetes will become second nature, and your child will be given every opportunity to reach their fullest potential, just like any other child. For further information you can check out Diabetes Australia here.

You can also check out some more resources for support below:

Support – Diabetes Victoria

Community support & type 1 diabetes | JDRF Australia

Australian Diabetes Society